{"id":3265,"date":"2025-05-16T16:42:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T08:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/?p=3265"},"modified":"2025-05-30T10:51:46","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T02:51:46","slug":"ductile-iron-fittings-catalogue-types-standards-specifications-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/ductile-iron-fittings-catalogue-types-standards-specifications-2025.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"

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2. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

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    \n
  • \n

    ISO 2531 \u0648ISO 7186<\/strong>
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  • \n

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  • \n

    AWWA C110\/C153<\/strong>
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  • \n

    ASTM A536<\/strong>
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  • \n

    NSF\/ANSI 61<\/strong>
    \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a) \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 EN \u0648WAWA) \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 DVGW (\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u0648WRAS (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0648KIWA (\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627) \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

    3. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n

    \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n

    3.1 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0639) \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 (1D) \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 (1.5D).<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/strong>: \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

      \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      3.3 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n

      \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3.4 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 3.4 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n

        \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n

        3.5 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633<\/h3>\n

        \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 OD\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        3.6 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • \n

          \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631<\/strong>: \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (MJ)<\/strong>: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          3.7 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 3.7<\/h3>\n

          \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 ANSI\/AWWA. \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

          3.8 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 3.8<\/h3>\n

          \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

          3.9 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n

          \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n

          4. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

          \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644:<\/p>\n

          \n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0645\/\u0641\u064a)<\/th>\n\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/th>\n\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u062b\u0646\u064a 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\nEN 598<\/td>\n80-1,200 \u0645\u0645 (3 \u2033- 48 \u2033)<\/td>\nPN10\/PN16<\/td>\n\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0634\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u062a\u064a<\/td>\nAWWA C110<\/td>\n3\u2033-24\u2033<\/td>\n\u0641\u0626\u0629 150 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\nISO 7186<\/td>\n50-600 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\nPN10-PN25<\/td>\n\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/td>\nAWWA C153<\/td>\n3\u2033-12\u2033<\/td>\n\u0641\u0626\u0629 350 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \n
          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/em><\/p>\n

          5. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n

          5.1 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/h3>\n

          \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a. \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n

          5.2 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (MJ)<\/h3>\n

          \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u00b1 4 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

          5.3 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 5.3<\/h3>\n

          \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 - \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

          5.4 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n

          \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646) \u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n

          6. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

          6.1 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n

          \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

          6.2 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \n

            \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a<\/strong>: AWWA C104\u061b \u0633\u0645\u0643 2.5 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 C) ~ 120.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 250-500 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u061b \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633\u061b \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 NSF\/ANSI-61.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            6.3 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • \n

              \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              7. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n
                \n
              • \n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\/\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0631\u061b \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642<\/strong>: \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0634 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a 1.5\u00d71.5 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                8. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/h2>\n

                \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0640<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n

                  \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 ASTM A536.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f 1.5 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 (NDT)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                  9. \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n

                  9.1 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

                  \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a PN16 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n

                  9.2 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<\/h3>\n

                  \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 PN10\u061b \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                  9.3 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

                  \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 350 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n

                  9.4 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/h3>\n

                  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0641\u0626\u0629 350 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629) \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 NSF\/ANSI 61 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/p>\n

                  \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c<\/h2>\n