{"id":3089,"date":"2025-05-13T15:20:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T07:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/?p=3089"},"modified":"2025-05-30T11:24:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T03:24:27","slug":"designing-ductile-iron-pipe-on-supports-key-principles-and-best-practices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/designing-ductile-iron-pipe-on-supports-key-principles-and-best-practices.html","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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    \n
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    \n
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    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

    3. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628:<\/strong> \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

      4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630:<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623:<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        5. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 (ASME)<\/strong> \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (AWWA)<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

          6. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f:<\/strong> \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

            7. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n

            \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              ASME B31.3:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              AWWA C150:<\/strong> \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 AISC:<\/strong> \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

              8. \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n

              \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0622\u0645\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

                9. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n

                  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

                  10. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (FAQs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  1. \n

                    \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n

                        \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \n

                          \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \n

                            \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • \n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \n

                                \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASME B31.3\u060c \u0648AWA C150\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 AISC \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n