{"id":2785,"date":"2025-05-08T13:49:30","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T05:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/?p=2785"},"modified":"2025-05-30T14:19:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T06:19:18","slug":"ductile-iron-production-process-stages-methods-and-benefits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/ductile-iron-production-process-stages-methods-and-benefits.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\" data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"656\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2786\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2786\" style=\"width: 561px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/thbip-qbouk.webp\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2786\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/thbip-qbouk.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\" width=\"561\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/thbip-qbouk.webp 561w, https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/thbip-qbouk-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/thbip-qbouk-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2786\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"658\" data-end=\"979\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0633\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2278\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2278\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"2280\" data-end=\"2310\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"2285\" data-end=\"2310\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2311\" data-end=\"2650\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"2652\" data-end=\"2702\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"2657\" data-end=\"2702\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2703\" data-end=\"3048\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3055\" data-end=\"3096\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"3059\" data-end=\"3096\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">2. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"3098\" data-end=\"3130\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"3103\" data-end=\"3130\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3131\" data-end=\"3370\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"3372\" data-end=\"3401\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"3377\" data-end=\"3401\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3402\" data-end=\"3638\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3681\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"3645\" data-end=\"3681\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3682\" data-end=\"3921\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3928\" data-end=\"3986\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"3932\" data-end=\"3986\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">3. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3988\" data-end=\"4267\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"4269\" data-end=\"4298\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4274\" data-end=\"4298\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol data-start=\"4299\" data-end=\"4403\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4299\" data-end=\"4326\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4302\" data-end=\"4326\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4302\" data-end=\"4326\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4327\" data-end=\"4349\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4330\" data-end=\"4349\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4330\" data-end=\"4349\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4350\" data-end=\"4364\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4353\" data-end=\"4364\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4353\" data-end=\"4364\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4365\" data-end=\"4386\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4368\" data-end=\"4386\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4368\" data-end=\"4386\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4387\" data-end=\"4403\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4390\" data-end=\"4403\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4390\" data-end=\"4403\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"4405\" data-end=\"4432\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4410\" data-end=\"4432\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"4433\" data-end=\"4664\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4433\" data-end=\"4492\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4435\" data-end=\"4492\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4493\" data-end=\"4563\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4495\" data-end=\"4563\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4564\" data-end=\"4664\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4566\" data-end=\"4664\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"4671\" data-end=\"4729\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4675\" data-end=\"4729\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"4731\" data-end=\"4768\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"4736\" data-end=\"4768\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4769\" data-end=\"5038\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5040\" data-end=\"5080\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"5045\" data-end=\"5080\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5081\" data-end=\"5309\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \"\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\".<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5311\" data-end=\"5335\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"5316\" data-end=\"5335\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5336\" data-end=\"5580\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5582\" data-end=\"5613\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5613\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5614\" data-end=\"5830\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5832\" data-end=\"5868\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"5837\" data-end=\"5868\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 5: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5869\" data-end=\"6091\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"6098\" data-end=\"6151\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"6102\" data-end=\"6151\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">5. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"6153\" data-end=\"6174\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"6158\" data-end=\"6174\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6175\" data-end=\"6345\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"6347\" data-end=\"6367\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"6352\" data-end=\"6367\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6368\" data-end=\"6523\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"6525\" data-end=\"6553\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"6530\" data-end=\"6553\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6554\" data-end=\"6766\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"6773\" data-end=\"6811\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"6777\" data-end=\"6811\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">6. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6813\" data-end=\"6924\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"6926\" data-end=\"6951\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"6931\" data-end=\"6951\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6952\" data-end=\"7098\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"7100\" data-end=\"7138\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"7105\" data-end=\"7138\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 (NDT)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7139\" data-end=\"7274\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"7276\" data-end=\"7308\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"7281\" data-end=\"7308\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7309\" data-end=\"7458\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"7465\" data-end=\"7524\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"7469\" data-end=\"7524\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">7. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7526\" data-end=\"7800\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"7802\" data-end=\"7830\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"7807\" data-end=\"7830\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"7981\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"7983\" data-end=\"8015\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"7988\" data-end=\"8015\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8016\" data-end=\"8149\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"8156\" data-end=\"8233\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"8160\" data-end=\"8233\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">8. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"8235\" data-end=\"8262\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"8240\" data-end=\"8262\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8263\" data-end=\"8465\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"8467\" data-end=\"8492\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"8472\" data-end=\"8492\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8493\" data-end=\"8613\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"8615\" data-end=\"8633\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"8620\" data-end=\"8633\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8634\" data-end=\"8762\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"8769\" data-end=\"8821\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"8773\" data-end=\"8821\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">9. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"8823\" data-end=\"8855\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"8828\" data-end=\"8855\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8856\" data-end=\"8993\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"8995\" data-end=\"9033\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"9000\" data-end=\"9033\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9034\" data-end=\"9161\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"9163\" data-end=\"9201\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"9168\" data-end=\"9201\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9202\" data-end=\"9359\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"9366\" data-end=\"9411\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"9370\" data-end=\"9411\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">10. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (FAQs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"9413\" data-end=\"9483\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"9418\" data-end=\"9483\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">1. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9484\" data-end=\"9681\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"9683\" data-end=\"9733\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"9688\" data-end=\"9733\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">2. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9734\" data-end=\"9911\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062d. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"9913\" data-end=\"9976\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"9918\" data-end=\"9976\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">3. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9977\" data-end=\"10159\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"10161\" data-end=\"10202\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"10166\" data-end=\"10202\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">4. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10203\" data-end=\"10372\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"10374\" data-end=\"10428\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"10379\" data-end=\"10428\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">5. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10429\" data-end=\"10590\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 (NDT)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"10592\" data-end=\"10661\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\"><strong data-start=\"10597\" data-end=\"10661\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">6. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10662\" data-end=\"10815\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f712af56-b5ff-4c33-9127-de38ef12c9c0\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ductile_iron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 - \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanfoundrysociety.org\/ductile-iron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iron-foundry.com\/ductile-iron-production-process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 - \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f - \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dipra.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 (DIPRA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/44960.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 1083 - \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 (ISO)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ductile iron, also known as spheroidal graphite iron, is one of the most commonly used materials in the manufacturing of pipes, fittings, and machinery parts. It is highly valued for its strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. The production process of ductile iron involves various stages, each crucial for producing a high-quality end product. This comprehensive [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ductile Iron Production Process: Stages, Methods, and Benefits - Jingang LuoKaiwei<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the complete ductile iron production process, from melting and alloying to spheroidization and casting. 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