{"id":2761,"date":"2025-05-08T10:31:36","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T02:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/?p=2761"},"modified":"2025-05-30T14:46:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T06:46:41","slug":"austenitic-ductile-iron-properties-strength-durability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/austenitic-ductile-iron-properties-strength-durability.html","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2145\" data-end=\"2576\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 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\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644, <strong data-start=\"2448\" data-end=\"2475\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2762\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2762\" style=\"width: 475px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tap2n-uy3gw.webp\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2762\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tap2n-uy3gw.webp\" alt=\"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\" width=\"475\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tap2n-uy3gw.webp 475w, https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tap2n-uy3gw-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tap2n-uy3gw-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2762\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2578\" data-end=\"2879\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2881\" data-end=\"2931\"><strong data-start=\"2886\" data-end=\"2931\">1. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2933\" data-end=\"3201\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <strong data-start=\"2982\" data-end=\"2992\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2994\" data-end=\"3005\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/strong>\u0648 <strong data-start=\"3011\" data-end=\"3019\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong>\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 <strong data-start=\"3042\" data-end=\"3055\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"3057\" data-end=\"3067\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/strong>\u0648 <strong data-start=\"3073\" data-end=\"3085\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 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\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3562\" data-end=\"3680\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3564\" data-end=\"3680\"><strong data-start=\"3564\" data-end=\"3574\">\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3681\" data-end=\"3778\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3683\" data-end=\"3778\"><strong data-start=\"3683\" data-end=\"3695\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/strong>: \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3780\" data-end=\"3935\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4131\" data-end=\"5236\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4131\" data-end=\"4395\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4133\" data-end=\"4395\"><strong data-start=\"4133\" data-end=\"4158\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4399\" data-end=\"4613\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4401\" data-end=\"4613\"><strong data-start=\"4401\" data-end=\"4414\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4615\" data-end=\"4877\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"4877\"><strong data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"4647\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4879\" data-end=\"5055\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4881\" data-end=\"5055\"><strong data-start=\"4881\" data-end=\"4905\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5057\" data-end=\"5236\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5059\" data-end=\"5236\"><strong data-start=\"5059\" data-end=\"5078\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"5238\" data-end=\"5298\"><strong data-start=\"5243\" data-end=\"5298\">3. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5300\" data-end=\"6223\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5300\" data-end=\"5588\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5302\" data-end=\"5588\"><strong data-start=\"5302\" data-end=\"5341\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 300 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 600 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5590\" data-end=\"5794\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5592\" data-end=\"5794\"><strong data-start=\"5592\" data-end=\"5612\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/strong>: \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5796\" data-end=\"6016\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5798\" data-end=\"6016\"><strong data-start=\"5798\" data-end=\"5820\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642<\/strong>: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6018\" data-end=\"6223\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6020\" data-end=\"6223\"><strong data-start=\"6020\" data-end=\"6046\">\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f-\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"6225\" data-end=\"6285\"><strong data-start=\"6230\" data-end=\"6285\">4. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6287\" data-end=\"6453\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6455\" data-end=\"6844\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6455\" data-end=\"6574\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6457\" data-end=\"6574\"><strong data-start=\"6457\" data-end=\"6468\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6575\" data-end=\"6707\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6577\" data-end=\"6707\"><strong data-start=\"6577\" data-end=\"6595\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6708\" data-end=\"6844\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6710\" data-end=\"6844\"><strong data-start=\"6710\" data-end=\"6722\">\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6846\" data-end=\"6965\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"6967\" data-end=\"7018\"><strong data-start=\"6972\" data-end=\"7018\">5. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7020\" data-end=\"7211\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7213\" data-end=\"7807\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7213\" data-end=\"7355\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7215\" data-end=\"7355\"><strong data-start=\"7215\" data-end=\"7238\">\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7356\" data-end=\"7540\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7358\" data-end=\"7540\"><strong data-start=\"7358\" data-end=\"7371\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7541\" data-end=\"7689\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7543\" data-end=\"7689\"><strong data-start=\"7543\" data-end=\"7561\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7690\" data-end=\"7807\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7692\" data-end=\"7807\"><strong data-start=\"7692\" data-end=\"7712\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"7809\" data-end=\"7858\"><strong data-start=\"7814\" data-end=\"7858\">6. \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"7860\" data-end=\"8326\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7860\" data-end=\"7984\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7862\" data-end=\"7984\"><strong data-start=\"7862\" data-end=\"7881\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7985\" data-end=\"8150\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7987\" data-end=\"8150\"><strong data-start=\"7987\" data-end=\"8011\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8151\" data-end=\"8326\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8153\" data-end=\"8326\"><strong data-start=\"8153\" data-end=\"8185\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"8328\" data-end=\"8393\"><strong data-start=\"8333\" data-end=\"8393\">7. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"8395\" data-end=\"8833\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8395\" data-end=\"8554\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8397\" data-end=\"8554\"><strong data-start=\"8397\" data-end=\"8421\">\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8555\" data-end=\"8696\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8557\" data-end=\"8696\"><strong data-start=\"8557\" data-end=\"8565\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong>: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8697\" data-end=\"8833\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8699\" data-end=\"8833\"><strong data-start=\"8699\" data-end=\"8734\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"8835\" data-end=\"8890\"><strong data-start=\"8840\" data-end=\"8890\">8. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"8892\" data-end=\"9835\">\n<thead data-start=\"8892\" data-end=\"9025\">\n<tr data-start=\"8892\" data-end=\"9025\">\n<th data-start=\"8892\" data-end=\"8922\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8922\" data-end=\"8948\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8948\" data-end=\"8972\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8972\" data-end=\"8997\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8997\" data-end=\"9025\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"9160\" data-end=\"9835\">\n<tr data-start=\"9160\" data-end=\"9294\">\n<td data-start=\"9160\" data-end=\"9191\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9162\" data-end=\"9188\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9191\" data-end=\"9217\" data-col-size=\"sm\">300 - 600<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9217\" data-end=\"9241\" data-col-size=\"sm\">300 - 500<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9241\" data-end=\"9266\" data-col-size=\"sm\">500 - 700<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9266\" data-end=\"9294\" data-col-size=\"sm\">700 - 1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9295\" data-end=\"9429\">\n<td data-start=\"9295\" data-end=\"9326\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9297\" data-end=\"9310\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9326\" data-end=\"9352\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9352\" data-end=\"9376\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9376\" data-end=\"9401\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9401\" data-end=\"9429\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9430\" data-end=\"9564\">\n<td data-start=\"9430\" data-end=\"9461\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9432\" data-end=\"9456\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9461\" data-end=\"9487\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9487\" data-end=\"9511\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9511\" data-end=\"9536\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9536\" data-end=\"9564\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9565\" data-end=\"9700\">\n<td data-start=\"9565\" data-end=\"9597\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9567\" data-end=\"9597\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9597\" data-end=\"9623\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9623\" data-end=\"9647\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9647\" data-end=\"9672\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9672\" data-end=\"9700\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9701\" data-end=\"9835\">\n<td data-start=\"9701\" data-end=\"9732\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9703\" data-end=\"9722\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9732\" data-end=\"9758\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9758\" data-end=\"9782\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9782\" data-end=\"9807\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"9807\" data-end=\"9835\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-start=\"9837\" data-end=\"9899\"><strong data-start=\"9842\" data-end=\"9899\">9. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9901\" data-end=\"10320\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"10322\" data-end=\"10325\" \/>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"10327\" data-end=\"10368\"><strong data-start=\"10331\" data-end=\"10368\">10. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (FAQs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"10370\" data-end=\"11918\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"10370\" data-end=\"10646\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10373\" data-end=\"10418\"><strong data-start=\"10373\" data-end=\"10418\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10422\" data-end=\"10646\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"10422\" data-end=\"10646\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10424\" data-end=\"10646\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"10648\" data-end=\"10907\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10651\" data-end=\"10721\"><strong data-start=\"10651\" data-end=\"10721\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10725\" data-end=\"10907\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"10725\" data-end=\"10907\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10727\" data-end=\"10907\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"10909\" data-end=\"11143\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10912\" data-end=\"10954\"><strong data-start=\"10912\" data-end=\"10954\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10958\" data-end=\"11143\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"10958\" data-end=\"11143\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"10960\" data-end=\"11143\">\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"11145\" data-end=\"11346\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"11148\" data-end=\"11189\"><strong data-start=\"11148\" data-end=\"11189\">\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"11193\" data-end=\"11346\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"11193\" data-end=\"11346\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"11195\" data-end=\"11346\">\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"11348\" data-end=\"11591\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"11351\" data-end=\"11399\"><strong data-start=\"11351\" data-end=\"11399\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"11403\" data-end=\"11591\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"11403\" data-end=\"11591\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"11405\" data-end=\"11591\">\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"11593\" data-end=\"11918\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"11596\" data-end=\"11690\"><strong data-start=\"11596\" data-end=\"11690\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"11694\" data-end=\"11918\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"11694\" data-end=\"11918\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"11696\" data-end=\"11918\">\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ductile_iron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 - \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/BOOKSTORE\/PDF\/F1185.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ASTM F1185 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tms.org\/portal\/Professional_Development\/Understanding_Materials\/Metals_and_Alloys\/Austenitic_Stainless_Steels\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 - \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (TMS)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/ductile-iron-material-properties-d_1515.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 - \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/austenitic-ductile-iron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a - ScienceDctirect<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ductile iron is a type of cast iron that has been modified with alloys to improve its mechanical properties, primarily by enhancing its ductility. This makes it more flexible and capable of withstanding greater stress before fracturing compared to traditional cast iron. Within the ductile iron family, austenitic ductile iron stands out for its superior [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Austenitic Ductile Iron Properties: Strength, Durability - Jingang LuoKaiwei<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the properties, composition, and benefits of austenitic ductile iron. Learn how it performs in high-temperature, corrosive, and heavy-duty applications.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/austenitic-ductile-iron-properties-strength-durability.html\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Austenitic Ductile Iron Properties: Strength, Durability - Jingang LuoKaiwei\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore the properties, composition, and benefits of austenitic ductile iron. 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