{"id":2748,"date":"2025-05-08T09:22:22","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T01:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/?p=2748"},"modified":"2025-05-30T14:49:20","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T06:49:20","slug":"3d-ductile-cast-iron-properties-prices-and-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/3d-ductile-cast-iron-properties-prices-and-applications.html","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 3D \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2505\" data-end=\"3019\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0628\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2749\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2749\" style=\"width: 462px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/twhqe-z6161.webp\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2749\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/twhqe-z6161.webp\" alt=\"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 3D \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\" width=\"462\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/twhqe-z6161.webp 462w, https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/twhqe-z6161-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/twhqe-z6161-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2749\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 3D \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"3021\" data-end=\"3074\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3074\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3076\" data-end=\"3559\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3561\" data-end=\"3957\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3561\" data-end=\"3699\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3699\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3583\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 60 \u0625\u0644\u0649 120 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3700\" data-end=\"3815\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3702\" data-end=\"3815\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"3702\" data-end=\"3714\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 170 \u0648250 HB (\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644)\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3816\" data-end=\"3957\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3818\" data-end=\"3957\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"3818\" data-end=\"3842\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong>: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 class=\"\" data-start=\"3959\" data-end=\"4033\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h5>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4521\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<thead data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4116\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<tr data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4116\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<th data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4060\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4092\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4092\" data-end=\"4116\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 3D<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"4198\" data-end=\"4521\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<tr data-start=\"4198\" data-end=\"4278\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<td data-start=\"4198\" data-end=\"4223\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4223\" data-end=\"4254\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">60 - 120 \u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4254\" data-end=\"4278\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">70 - 130 \u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4279\" data-end=\"4359\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<td data-start=\"4279\" data-end=\"4304\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4304\" data-end=\"4335\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">170 - 220 HB 170 - 220 HB<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4335\" data-end=\"4359\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">180 - 250 HB 180 - 250 HB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4360\" data-end=\"4440\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<td data-start=\"4360\" data-end=\"4385\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4385\" data-end=\"4416\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4416\" data-end=\"4440\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4441\" data-end=\"4521\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<td data-start=\"4441\" data-end=\"4466\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4466\" data-end=\"4497\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4497\" data-end=\"4521\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"4523\" data-end=\"4574\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"4528\" data-end=\"4574\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4576\" data-end=\"4651\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"4652\" data-end=\"5177\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4652\" data-end=\"4812\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4655\" data-end=\"4812\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"4655\" data-end=\"4682\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c CAD (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4813\" data-end=\"5033\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"5033\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4831\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5034\" data-end=\"5177\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5037\" data-end=\"5177\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"5037\" data-end=\"5056\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5179\" data-end=\"5403\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5405\" data-end=\"5459\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"5410\" data-end=\"5459\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5461\" data-end=\"5645\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5647\" data-end=\"6111\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5647\" data-end=\"5831\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5649\" data-end=\"5831\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"5649\" data-end=\"5669\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong>: \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5832\" data-end=\"5975\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5834\" data-end=\"5975\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"5834\" data-end=\"5856\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642<\/strong>: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5976\" data-end=\"6111\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5978\" data-end=\"6111\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"5978\" data-end=\"5999\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"6113\" data-end=\"6158\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"6118\" data-end=\"6158\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6160\" data-end=\"6233\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6234\" data-end=\"6445\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6234\" data-end=\"6300\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6236\" data-end=\"6300\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"6236\" data-end=\"6250\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6301\" data-end=\"6366\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6303\" data-end=\"6366\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"6303\" data-end=\"6316\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6367\" data-end=\"6445\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6369\" data-end=\"6445\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"6369\" data-end=\"6387\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"6447\" data-end=\"6495\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"6452\" data-end=\"6495\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6497\" data-end=\"6788\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6790\" data-end=\"7090\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6790\" data-end=\"6914\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6792\" data-end=\"6914\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"6792\" data-end=\"6810\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6915\" data-end=\"7090\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6917\" data-end=\"7090\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"6917\" data-end=\"6940\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"7092\" data-end=\"7136\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"7097\" data-end=\"7136\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7138\" data-end=\"7271\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7272\" data-end=\"7469\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7272\" data-end=\"7353\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7274\" data-end=\"7353\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"7274\" data-end=\"7286\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">ISO 1083<\/strong>: \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7354\" data-end=\"7420\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7356\" data-end=\"7420\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"7356\" data-end=\"7369\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">ASTM A536<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7421\" data-end=\"7469\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7423\" data-end=\"7469\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"7423\" data-end=\"7434\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">EN 1563<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"7471\" data-end=\"7519\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"7476\" data-end=\"7519\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7521\" data-end=\"7756\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"7758\" data-end=\"7804\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"7763\" data-end=\"7804\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7806\" data-end=\"8091\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"8093\" data-end=\"8096\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\" \/>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"8098\" data-end=\"8139\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"8102\" data-end=\"8139\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (FAQs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"8141\" data-end=\"10229\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8141\" data-end=\"8519\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8144\" data-end=\"8227\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"8144\" data-end=\"8227\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8231\" data-end=\"8519\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8231\" data-end=\"8519\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8233\" data-end=\"8519\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8521\" data-end=\"8867\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8524\" data-end=\"8569\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"8524\" data-end=\"8569\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8573\" data-end=\"8867\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8573\" data-end=\"8867\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8575\" data-end=\"8867\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c CAD\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8869\" data-end=\"9160\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8872\" data-end=\"8935\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"8872\" data-end=\"8935\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8939\" data-end=\"9160\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"8939\" data-end=\"9160\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"8941\" data-end=\"9160\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"9162\" data-end=\"9517\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9165\" data-end=\"9229\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"9165\" data-end=\"9229\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9233\" data-end=\"9517\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"9233\" data-end=\"9517\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9235\" data-end=\"9517\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"9519\" data-end=\"9887\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9522\" data-end=\"9617\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"9522\" data-end=\"9617\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9621\" data-end=\"9887\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"9621\" data-end=\"9887\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9623\" data-end=\"9887\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"9889\" data-end=\"10229\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9892\" data-end=\"9960\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\"><strong data-start=\"9892\" data-end=\"9960\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9964\" data-end=\"10229\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"9964\" data-end=\"10229\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"9966\" data-end=\"10229\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"f1379287-691b-4d92-84a8-64df39d08697\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 ISO 1083 \u0648 ASTM A536 \u0648 EN 1563. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ductile_cast_iron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 - \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/25821.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 ISO 1083: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 - \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/Standards\/A536.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ASTM A536: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bsigroup.com\/en-GB\/standards\/en-1563-cast-irons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">EN 1563: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.additive-manufacturing-journal.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 - \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3D ductile cast iron, also known as 3D printed ductile iron, is an advanced material created using 3D printing technologies to manufacture intricate components. Unlike traditional ductile iron, which is cast using molds, 3D ductile cast iron involves a more precise and customizable process, allowing for complex geometries and reduced material waste. This material has [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3D Ductile Cast Iron Properties, Prices, and Applications - Jingang LuoKaiwei<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the benefits, mechanical properties, manufacturing process, and pricing trends of 3D ductile cast iron. Learn how this innovative material is revolutionizing industries like automotive and aerospace.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/3d-ductile-cast-iron-properties-prices-and-applications.html\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3D Ductile Cast Iron Properties, Prices, and Applications - Jingang LuoKaiwei\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore the benefits, mechanical properties, manufacturing process, and pricing trends of 3D ductile cast iron. 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