{"id":2579,"date":"2025-04-30T16:09:47","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T08:09:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/?p=2579"},"modified":"2025-05-30T15:25:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T07:25:41","slug":"ductile-iron-oxidation-vs-rust-corrosion-mechanisms-and-protection-strategies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/ar\/ductile-iron-oxidation-vs-rust-corrosion-mechanisms-and-protection-strategies.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623: \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u00a0<strong data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.\u00a0<strong data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u00a0<strong data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\n<li data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (AWWA C105)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"1ea5d8da-9903-417c-a952-4da8bd9f6dc1\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2580\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2580\" style=\"width: 470px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tu9ue-iiclu.webp\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2580\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tu9ue-iiclu.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\" width=\"470\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tu9ue-iiclu.webp 470w, https:\/\/www.ductileironsuppliers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/tu9ue-iiclu-300x242.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"491\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\ud83d\udd2c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"506\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"669\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"671\" data-end=\"679\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"846\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (Fe\u2082O\u2083\u2083-nH\u2082O).<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"851\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"895\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\ud83e\uddea \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"897\" data-end=\"1022\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1024\" data-end=\"1355\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1024\" data-end=\"1131\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1131\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><strong data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1044\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1243\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1135\" data-end=\"1243\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><strong data-start=\"1135\" data-end=\"1156\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0628<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1355\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1355\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><strong data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1268\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1442\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"1444\" data-end=\"1447\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1493\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1495\" data-end=\"1526\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">1. <strong data-start=\"1502\" data-end=\"1526\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1528\" data-end=\"1653\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1655\" data-end=\"1994\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1655\" data-end=\"1762\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"1762\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><strong data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"1675\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1764\" data-end=\"1878\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1766\" data-end=\"1878\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><strong data-start=\"1766\" data-end=\"1791\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1880\" data-end=\"1994\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1882\" data-end=\"1994\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><strong data-start=\"1882\" data-end=\"1907\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1996\" data-end=\"2026\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">2. <strong data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2026\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2028\" data-end=\"2153\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2155\" data-end=\"2200\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">3. <strong data-start=\"2162\" data-end=\"2200\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2202\" data-end=\"2327\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"2329\" data-end=\"2332\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2380\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\ud83d\udcca \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h2>\n<div class=\"group pointer-events-none relative flex justify-center *:pointer-events-auto\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"tableContainer horzScrollShadows relative\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<table class=\"min-w-full\" data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"3161\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<thead data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2453\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<tr data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2453\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<th data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2406\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2406\" data-end=\"2431\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2431\" data-end=\"2453\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"3161\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<tr data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2665\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2569\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2569\" data-end=\"2618\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2618\" data-end=\"2665\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 + \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2666\" data-end=\"2807\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2666\" data-end=\"2719\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2719\" data-end=\"2765\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2765\" data-end=\"2807\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2808\" data-end=\"2934\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2808\" data-end=\"2854\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2854\" data-end=\"2912\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2912\" data-end=\"2934\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2935\" data-end=\"3025\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2935\" data-end=\"2978\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"2978\" data-end=\"3003\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"3003\" data-end=\"3025\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3161\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3068\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"3068\" data-end=\"3093\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"3093\" data-end=\"3114\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"3163\" data-end=\"3166\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3168\" data-end=\"3217\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\ud83e\udded \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3219\" data-end=\"3271\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3273\" data-end=\"3765\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3273\" data-end=\"3394\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3394\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3307\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3518\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3398\" data-end=\"3518\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"3398\" data-end=\"3431\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3520\" data-end=\"3640\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3522\" data-end=\"3640\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"3522\" data-end=\"3553\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3642\" data-end=\"3765\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3765\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><strong data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3678\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"3767\" data-end=\"3770\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3772\" data-end=\"3810\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\u2753 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 (FAQs)<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3812\" data-end=\"3889\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">1. <strong data-start=\"3819\" data-end=\"3889\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3891\" data-end=\"4056\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"4058\" data-end=\"4119\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">2. <strong data-start=\"4065\" data-end=\"4119\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4121\" data-end=\"4246\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4318\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">3. <strong data-start=\"4255\" data-end=\"4318\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4320\" data-end=\"4445\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"4447\" data-end=\"4494\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">4. <strong data-start=\"4454\" data-end=\"4494\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4496\" data-end=\"4581\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"4583\" data-end=\"4653\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">5. <strong data-start=\"4590\" data-end=\"4653\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4655\" data-end=\"4780\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/span>\u200b<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"4782\" data-end=\"4785\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"4787\" data-end=\"4803\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\">\ud83e\uddfe \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4805\" data-end=\"4970\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\" data-immersive-translate-paragraph=\"1\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/span> <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"7f3eab5d-7586-4d68-9d76-d4667f689c94\">\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corrosion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 - \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.awwa.org\/Standards\/Overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AWWA - \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (AWWA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nace.org\/corrosion-central\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a - NACE International<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/chemistry\/corrosion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a - \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (EPA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/corrosion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 - \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (OSHA)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While both\u00a0oxidation and rust\u00a0affect ductile iron, they represent distinct corrosion processes with different prevention strategies.\u00a0Oxidation\u00a0forms a protective patina (iron oxide layer) that slows further degradation, whereas\u00a0rust (iron oxide hydroxide)\u00a0is a destructive, flaky corrosion product caused by moisture and electrolytes. For ductile iron pipes, effective protection includes: Polyethylene encasement (AWWA C105)\u00a0for buried pipes Epoxy\/polyurethane coatings\u00a0for exposed [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ductile Iron Oxidation vs. Rust: Corrosion Mechanisms and Protection Strategies - Jingang LuoKaiwei<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the differences between ductile iron oxidation and rust formation. 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